Psychology Learned Helplessness Doctor Seligman Essay

Brain science Learned Helplessness Doctor Seligman - Essay Example The hypð ¾thesized burdensome explð °nð °tð ¾ry style is chð °rð °cterized by internð °l, stð °ble, Ð °nd glð ¾bð °l Ð °ttributið ¾ns fð ¾r negð °tive occasions, Ð °nd externð °l, unstð °ble Ð °nd explicit Ð °ttributið ¾ns fð ¾r pð ¾sitive occasions. Ð lthð ¾ugh nð ¾t each examination exð °mining the questið ¾n Ð ¾f whether discouraged individuð °ls hð °ve this explð °nð °tð ¾ry style hð °s cð ¾rrð ¾bð ¾rð °ted this hypð ¾thesis, there hð °ve been Ð ° lð °rge number Ð ¾f suppð ¾rtive investigations. For sure, Sweeney, Ð ndersð ¾n, Ð °nd Bð °iley (1986) cð ¾nducted Ð ° metð °-Ð °nð °lysis Ð ¾f 104 examinations Ð °nd cð ¾ncluded thð °t there wð °s strð ¾ng suppð ¾rt fð ¾r the connection between the negative explð °nð °tð ¾ry style fð ¾r negð °tive occasions Ð °nd depressið ¾n, Ð °nd weð °k tð ¾ mð ¾derð °te suppð ¾rt fð ¾r the connection between the cynical style fð ¾r pð ¾sitive occasions Ð °nd depressið ¾n. Leð °rned weakness is Ð ° phenð ¾menð ¾n cð ¾ntð °ining three cð ¾mpð ¾nents: cð ¾ntingency, cð ¾gnitið ¾n, Ð °nd behð °við ¾r. Cð ¾ntingency Ð °ddresses the uncð ¾ntrð ¾llð °bility Ð ¾f the situð °tið ¾n. Cð ¾gnitið ¾n alludes tð ¾ the Ð °ttributið ¾ns thð °t peð ¾ple mð °ke regð °rding their situð °tið ¾n Ð ¾r surrð ¾undings Ð ¾f which they Ð °re Ð ° pð °rt. Behð °við ¾r Ð °llð ¾ws individuð °ls tð ¾ choose whether they will surrender Ð ¾r prð ¾ceed with the Ð ¾bstð °cle set befð ¾re them (Petersð ¾n, Mð °ier, and Seligmð °n, 1993). When peð ¾ple experience leð °rned weakness, they hð °ve Ð ° inclination tð ¾ surrender eð °sily Ð ¾r fð °il mð ¾re Ð ¾ften Ð °t sð ¾mewhð °t eð °sier tð °sks. Leð °rned powerlessness is mð ¾re likely tð ¾ result frð ¾m situð °tið ¾ns where fð °ilure is uncð ¾ntrð ¾llð °ble. Fð ¾r exð °mple, Gernigð ¾n, Fleurð °nce, Ð °nd Reine (2000) cð ¾nducted Ð ° study Ð ¾n fð °ilure in cð ¾ntrð ¾lled Ð °nd uncð ¾ntrð ¾lled circumstð °nces. They fð ¾und thð °t fð °ilure wð °s mð ¾re likely tð ¾ Ð ¾ccur in uncð ¾ntrð ¾llð °ble circumstð °nces. Ð nð ¾ther study, cð ¾nducted by Stiensmieier-Pelster Ð °nd Schurmð °nn (1989), Ð °ddressed fð °ilure in wording Ð ¾f blð °ming the outcomes Ð ¾n internð °l Ð ¾r externð °l fð °ctð ¾rs Ð °nd hð ¾w perfð ¾rmð °nce wð °s

Water Supply and Project Team free essay sample

Promoting Meaningful Learning in All Student Populations Research Paper

Advancing Meaningful Learning in All Student Populations - Research Paper Example Important learning alludes to the picked up information that is completely comprehended by the people and they know how that reality is identified with different circumstances that are going on around them. Then again, in repetition learning the understudies are required to remember the idea without growing full understanding and consequently, they can't relate the new data with the past one. As the minds stores information in unmistakable structure in this manner, in repetition learning understudies can't relate various thoughts with one another and in such a case, information must be recovered by them from the cerebrum when it is reviewed exclusively. Then again, in significant learning, the realities are put away in a social way. Along these lines, the information is put away together and is identified with one another. Thusly, when one actuality is reviewed the mind reviews different realities consequently. Comprehension of the Article In the article, Promoting Students’ L earning in Genetics with the Learning Cycle, Dogru-Atay, Pinar Tekkaya and Ceren (2008) talks about that however it is significant for the establishments to embrace limited time learning for the understudies, there are anyway not many of the theoretical ideas like hereditary qualities that can't be learned by the understudies just by important comprehension. For such troublesome ideas, the examination has planned an exploration on Learning Cycle. As indicated by this example, the idea is passed to the understudies in three stages: investigation, idea presentation and idea application. In the investigation, the understudies are furnished with the solid experience that is between identified with the substance that will be found out by them. This stage permits the understudies to accumulate all the data that they definitely think about the subject. When the understudies have investigated the thought, the educators are then expected to connect the plan to the students’ informatio n with important logical idea. After this progression, the understudies are occupied with the extra exercises in which the understudies apply their new information to the circumstance. In this paper, the scientist discusses various techniques that can be utilized for conveying the talk. The various examines that are talked about in the paper show that through learning cycle, the understudies learn more than some other setting. The papers approve that the understudies who learn through important learning can interface the different ideas with one another. The other preferred position of significant learning is that understudies create capacity of thinking. They don't just rely upon the material given to them, they will in general create individual comprehension of the subject. The scientist has talked about that as through learning cycle the understudies are capable create thinking capacity, this methodology likewise encourages the understudies to take care of the hereditary qualitie s issues. The other idea that is talked about in this article is the reliance of learning on the sex. Not many of the talked about inquires about are of the view that there is no noteworthy contrast in natural accomplishments in young men and young ladies. Then again, different analysts have either preferred young men in their better comprehension of the natural ideas or they have supported young ladies. In this paper, to comprehend the hereditary accomplishment of the understudies the analyst has utilized Genetics Achievement Test (GAT), Learning

The Great American Illusion :: Free Essay Writer

The Great American Illusion The Great Gatsby, composed by Scott F. Fitzgerald in the 1920’s is the exemplification of the Jazz Age, an expression begat by the creator himself. In the novel, Fitzgerald utilizes numerous scholarly components to precisely depict the timespan in which he lived including setting, characters, expression, and numerous images, which structure most of the systematic part of the story. Truth be told, huge numbers of the characters in the book serve as an image, so as to fortify a specific theme or topic inside the novel. The most clear, repeating and incredible subject in the book is the defilement of the American Dream during the Jazz Age. Despite the fact that numerous researchers accept that Fitzgerald is advancing the Dream, he is really denouncing it and a big motivator for it. This subject is utilized related to the theme of appearance versus reality to scrutinize further the â€Å"single green light, minute and far away† (25) that numerous Americans have strived for: budgetary achievement, acclaim, force and magnificence. Fitzgerald stunningly utilizes the character Gatsby to show the figment that is the American Dream that, truly, is a very degenerate and insatiable work on during the luxurious and egregious time of the 1920’s. Fundamentally, Fitzgerald utilizes Gatsby to show the debasement and the ravenousness that expends and demolishes the devotees of the Dream. When Gatsby understands that he can't be with Daisy in his childhood due to his social class, he chooses to clear his own specific manner by moving to her social class. Previously James Gatz, â€Å"he [invents] the kind of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old kid would probably create, and to this origination he was dedicated to the end† (95), starting his quest for a higher social class. Gatsby is happy to surrender the organization of family and his legacy so as to increase money related riches like a large number of the migrants approaching America to get by. This bad habit of Gatsby’s help the reader’s negative view towards the primary character and further censures the possibility of the American Dream, on account of the need of cash over family esteems. After his takeoff from Cody, Gatsby procures his cash from clearly abnormal procedures. Indeed, even with his violations not being known, it tends to be expected that he is a scalawag and oversteps existing laws. This can be seen when his gathering visitors conjecture about whether he â€Å"killed a man† or if â€Å"he was a German covert agent in the war† (47).

Inoculating with Autism

Hearing that your kid is mentally unbalanced, is one of the most tragic encounters a parent can confront. After noteworthy research, I was appalled when all fingers highlighted immunizations as the guilty party. Is it only a fortuitous event that chemical imbalance enormously expanded when the Center for Disease Control acquainted augmentations with the suggested inoculation program for babies in 1988? During the 1980s, chemical imbalance rates were just six of every ten thousand kids. At present, the chemical imbalance rate is a disturbing one of every eighty eight youngsters. Along these lines, around one million Americans are presently experiencing mental imbalance. More than twenty-four years the measure of antibodies kids get became from under ten immunizations to around fifty immunizations. It isn't only a happenstance that as the measure of antibodies expanded so did the measure of medically introverted kids. As the chemical imbalance emergency compounds, an ever increasing number of guardians are addressing and getting a handle on the acknowledge encompassing the negative impacts that antibodies are having on our youngsters' creating resistant frameworks. As a rule, guardians ought not permit antibodies to be managed to their youngsters. The ideal case of why guardians ought not immunize their youngsters is the narrative of Valentino Bocca from Italy. Valentino was given the MMR antibody when he was fifteen months old in 2004. Valentino's family says that directly subsequent to accepting the immunization he began to give indications of genuine inconvenience. Subsequently, Valentino's family chose to act and indicted the case. Judges and the Italian Health Ministry verified that the immunization caused the mental imbalance after new proof was introduced. Besides, the Valentino case isn't the principal situation where youngsters have been harmed by immunizations. As a matter of fact, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program has paid more than two billion dollars to families harmed by antibodies. This account of Valentino was an aftereffect of only one antibody. An ordinary kid in the initial a half year of life gets upwards of nineteen antibodies. The truth of the matter is the more antibodies kids get implies to a greater degree a danger of chemical imbalance. As a parent, you reserve the privilege to pick whether to immunize your kid. Some may contend immunizations are sheltered and even one of the best wellbeing improvements of the twentieth century. Additionally, some examination may state that chemical imbalance and immunizations are not connected by any means. The facts confirm that inoculations have shielded a great many children from possibly lethal sicknesses. Likewise, that the antibodies most likely spared a huge number of lives throughout the years. Defenders of immunizations contend that the medical advantages can exceed the dangers. Likewise, some accept that without inoculations there is more serious danger of coming down with some preventable illnesses. Likewise, it is accepted that a youngster who isn't vaccinated could be defenseless to risky and lethal illnesses. Besides, battling a portion of these ailments can be excruciating, burdening on the body, incorporate compulsory confinement, and be costly. It is presently basic information that mental imbalance is a calamitous scourge. Also, we presently realize that the essential driver of mental imbalance originates from antibodies. There is generous proof that the immunizations are overflowing with poisons as indicated by reality sheets by the Centers for Disease Control and the Food and Drug Administration. The poisons that are in the antibodies we are infusing into our small kids incorporate; many synthetic substances, substantial metals and allergens. What's more, they incorporate a few other shocking fixings, for example, monkey kidney cells and prematurely ended fetal tissue. American youngsters are currently the most immunized populace on the planet. Notwithstanding, rather than being the most advantageous, we have the most noteworthy insights of youngsters experiencing mental imbalance. Our kids don't should be inject4ed with poisons and prematurely ended fetal tissue, they are brought into the world with their mother’s invulnerabilities. Most children’s safe frameworks can manage most diseases normally. The immunizations themselves cause the body to be in an unnatural state and set you up for significant sickness. By and large, the conceivable symptoms of inoculation, for the most part chemical imbalance, are simply not worth the danger of being defending. Consistently an ever increasing number of kids are being determined to have chemical imbalance. There are such a significant number of anguished guardians who have needed to watch their youngsters totally relapse in the wake of getting an immunization. At the point when one tunes in to these guardians, it is difficult to not feel that where there is smoke there might be fire. All guardians ought to be questioning the wellbeing and viability of antibodies. Guardians must remember that a lot of the exploration that is being done about chemical imbalance and antibodies is by the medication organizations themselves. With such a significant number of immunizations being constrained upon our kids, sound wariness could go far toward bringing up an energetic solid kid. By not immunizing your kids, it just implies that you are an educated and caring guardian with solid children that don't have to depend on high hazard drugs. At last, it is you that is accountable for your child’s wellbeing. Keep in mind, teach before you immunize.

Choosing Good Geoffrey Chaucer Tales Essay Topics

Choosing Good Geoffrey Chaucer Tales Essay TopicsIn today's world, it is not uncommon to see many students taking Geoffrey Chaucer tales essays. Even those who have taken these writings as a class assignment are surprised by the number of students who do so. It is perhaps for this reason that I have been inspired to write this article and try to help you in choosing a few Geoffrey Chaucer tales essay topics that will stand out from the crowd.To help you, I will briefly explain a couple of the highlights and underdogs of these particular authors' work. Of course, you should always bear in mind that a wide variety of them existed and as such, the topics may vary depending on how modern you want to make your selections. The following topics are suggested but I am sure you can come up with other options that may be better for you in terms of your needs.I'll start with the most popular and widely used, which is the histories of particular character or events. Obviously, since all of Chauc er's writings are centered around his own era, one of the best choices would be to include a look at their history in particular. They range from chivalric knights, English histories, dramatic literature, etc. For those interested in romance, there is also a huge selection of them to choose from. However, just like other genres, there is no rule that says that the novels must be related to romance as well.As a student, you should also take into account the different possible dates and times that Chaucer's tales have been written down. This will enable you to study them within their historical context as well as explore their literary value. Of course, you could always turn to biographies or even short biographies within these works and still expect to come up with a very good scholarly article.Biography and biographical essays are not so easy to do on your own though. You should know that to come up with a very good one, you should compile an impressive body of writing work, knowled ge of the characters' careers, as well as knowledge of the literature they are based on. It can get pretty challenging to write this type of article and you should definitely consider enlisting the aid of some academic tutors in order to help you with the process.Another great choice when it comes to making an interesting essay is examining the role played by particular characters from within the most recent literary works. It can help if you will take some time to look at some contemporary novels that were written about these characters to get a good idea of what can be expected in terms of their literary value. It is best to use these books as your reference point when doing this because they are the ones that have been previously released to the general public.Another great opportunity is to examine how certain characters from Chaucer's works have moved along through the ages. While a lot of these works are set in the medieval period, you can take this opportunity to actually see what has happened to various characters through time. This way, you can examine what has happened to their positions in society, career, and their marriage.If you look at the examples given above, you can see that they are not limited to any particular type of subject matter as it is true for other subjects such as Literature, Business, Sports, Sports Organizations, and History and Biography as well. Just make sure that whatever you choose to write, it will give you a very rich and meaningful academic paper that you can be proud of.

Fascinating Argumentative Essay Sample on Approving Religious Denomination

Argumentative Essay Sample on Approving Religious Denomination Approving Religious Diversity to Sustain Intercultural Dialogue The USA is a country with a biggest number of different churches, denominations, sects, and cults. Almost all world religious denominations are represented here. Religious pluralism, which is inherent to the USA, is the outcome of the historical development of the country. The reason for that is the fact that the number of its population gradually increased for account of emigrants from Europe, Asia, and Africa, who profess different religions. As a rule, in the USA, dozens of new religious organizations, new denominations, and religious sects appear annually. Some of these organizations are not even registered. This religious diversity has gradually increased due to the emergence of new denominations or their split. Present social situation demands conducting intercultural dialogue on all levels; in order to make it effective, it is vitally important to get approval of religious diversity meaning the adherents of various religious groups.

Ethics Of The Mentally Ill - 898 Words

The topic of ethics for the care of the mentally ill has become widely debated in the UK. Recent statistics show a 5% increase 2013-14 vs. 2012-13 in the detentions under the Mental Health Act, a 30% increase from 2002-2003 (October 2014, Health and Social Care Information Centre, http://www.hscic.gov.uk/5164). The increase places tremendous pressure on the National Health Service (NHS) to balance the best possible care, with resource. There are a number complexities that arise to strike the balance in risk and rights, when faced with challenging behaviour of the mentally ill. The NHS places the respect of all patients’ values first. This includes an individual’s cultural view, dignity, privacy and independence (NHS Patient Experience Framework www.institute.nhs.uk). This essay examines ethics in healthcare focusing on physical restraint. In order to create an analytical view on this subject, the 1998 death of David Bennett a 38 year old, Rastafarian African Caribbean, has been cited. Mental illness can change a persons’ capacity to make rational and safe decisions, often creating a contradiction in actions to their core ethics and beliefs (Mind, Mental health crisis care: physical restraint in crisis report, June 2013). David Bennett had suffered with schizophrenia for nearly 20 years, leading to aggressive changes in his mood. On the evening of David’s death he had an incident with another patient, which caused him to become angry, leading to a physical altercation,Show MoreRelatedSocietal Values Of The Buck V. Bell Decision998 Words   |  4 Pages14th Amendment of the United States Constitution is the lynchpin of the decision, and the values of the court can be derived from it. In this essay I will demonstrate that the ambiguity of the Amendment in question has significant consequences, the ethics of the interpretation of the Amendment is derived form the paternalistic nature of the Constitution, and that equality of the law is subservient to th e desire for a homogeneous and comfortable cultural environment. Interpretation of the 14th AmendmentRead MoreSolitary Confinement And Mental Disorders972 Words   |  4 Pagesconfinement drastically affects mentally ill prisoners differently as compared to the general population. Such effects are psychological and they are as follows: (1) anxiety; (2) depression; (3) anger; (4) cognitive disturbances; (5) perceptual distortions; (6) obsessive thoughts; (7) paranoia; and (8) psychosis (Metzner Fellner, 2010). Being confined inside a unit with no windows can disorient inmates with or without mental disorders, and failure to provide mentally ill inmates with psychiatric helpRead MoreInsanity And The Insanity Defense1636 Words   |  7 Pageswhen someone believes they did not know right from wrong while committing the crime. The problem with this is that it is hard to know someone’s mental state when there is not much evidence to go on. Someone can become mentally ill after a crime or someone may have been mentally ill before a crime. Ne ither one of these issues always weigh on the actual crime. A large problem with the insanity defense is that it takes the blame off of the criminal. If someone admits to an insanity defense, thatRead MoreMental Illness : The Vulnerable Population Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages A social need that is experienced by the vulnerable population is mentally illness. Mental illness clients in my opinion are the most neglected, as well as, the most vulnerable population and today time. The scope of the issues is that mental illness disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder, are disorders persistent that affect the brain. However, these disorders can cause a person to experience a sudden mood change. Also, people with these disorders may experience difficultiesRead MoreCriminalization of the Mentally Ill1319 Words   |  6 PagesCriminalization of the Mentally Ill Have you ever been dealt a dilemma were you knew that someone needed your help but you were also aware that you where not the individual with the capability of helping. This was the situation with my friend Dan; he and I went to high school together and were good friends. After graduation Dan went on to obtain a dual degree in mathematics and physics from Cal Berkeley, and was on the first U.S. table tennis team to go to china in the early 1970s. I rememberRead MoreJudith Butler Is Still Alive Today1282 Words   |  6 PagesBorn in 1956, Judith Butler is still alive today. Not only is she a philosopher, she is also a gender theorist who has influenced may areas such as: political philosophy, ethics, and fields in feminist, queer, and literary theory. Butler is currently working at University of California, Berkeley teaching Comparative Literature and Critical Theory. She has written many books that revolve around gender and these books have been looked upon fondly by feminists. Pre carious Life was written in 2005. ThisRead MoreIs It Ethical to Execute the Mentally Ill769 Words   |  4 Pagesrestored, he or she can then be executed.   Inmates who are intellectually disabled (mentally retarded) also cannot be executed.   Inmates who are mentally ill, but not insane, have no such exemption. Being in the mental health field for over ten years and working in state hospitals and the prison system with people who have committed some of the worlds hanious crimes known to man. Currently I work with mentally ill inmates who are actively homicidal or suicidal due to them hearing voices, seeingRead MoreVictims Of Mental Illnesses And Personality Disorders987 Words   |  4 Pageshopeless, paranoid, lonely, and disparaging emotions; stunting their voice and ability to succeed in western culture. The ladder has formulated and promoted dangerous stereotypes that continue to poorly affect the way in which communities treats the mentally ill. In pursuance of a different reality, citizens must take responsibility and put efforts forth to redefine the societal perception of alternative thinking processes. Severe mental illnesses and personality disorders, such as schizophrenia andRead MoreMad Americ Bad Science, Bad Medicine, And The Enduring Mistreatment Of The Mentally Ill1472 Words   |  6 Pageshave chosen to do this report over is Mad in America: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill. Mad in America was written by Robert Whitaker, a medical journalist, whose primary objective when authoring this book was to examine the types of psychiatric methods used for treating mental illness throughout American history, as well as their ethics and safety. His book is broken up into four different sections, each covering a certain timeframe. Part one spans overRead MoreDepression, Anxiety, Disordered Thinking1499 Words   |  6 Pageshas increased and will continue to increase However, stigma – the mark of shame – prevails and hampers the ability for the mentally ill to get help and treatment and instead alienates them from a normal social life. Over the last few years, the amount of the known cases and prevalence of mental illnesses has increased in comparison to past records. The amount of mentally ill cases in the past remains unspoken about, but within the modern era the number has taken the international stage {1}. Nearly

The Genetically Modified Organisms Process - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 748 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: GMO Essay Did you like this example? One may only wonder, what are GMO’s? GMO’s stand for genetically modified organisms. In laymen terms it means that plants and animals are created using biological technology which alters their DNA by modifying their genes, another term you may have heard of is Molecular Gastronomy- which is the altercation of food (which I learned in my F+B class at STU). One can already assume that this process is very different from normal traditions like cross-breeding, a process which humankind has been doing for thousands of years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Genetically Modified Organisms Process" essay for you Create order In class I have learnt that America is the leading producer of GMO crops in the World today, which is not fortunate for someone like me whom is deciding to live within the Country. Furthermore, in class I learnt that the first GMO product was introduced to society in 1994, this product was the labor saver tomato. Ever since the Labor saver tomato was released in 1994, GMO products in our food supply has been increasing more and more ever since. Additionally, we learnt that most common GMO crops which can be found in the Market are; corn, soy-beans, cotton and rapeseed- which shocked me to learn that canola oil is made from it. In Contrast, I also learnt, that a few positives of GMO’s do exist, and this is what brings up the ethical question of- does the good outweigh the bad? It is argued that scientists created these organisms in order to achieve specific desired result, for example, they created apples that dont brown when exposed to air, Salmon that grow faster and rice that is much healthier. Additionally, another claimed benefit of GMO’s, are that GMO’s help fight off global hunger- by making it cheaper for consumers, quicker to grow, more profitable and beneficial to the community and cheaper production costs which means lower sales price. Furthermore, genetically modified crops also lead to reduced pesticide use- this is because some GMO crops are engineer to resist insects and therefore farmers dont have to use this, however, having a plant that can resists pesticides just means that growers can use more pesticides on their farm without worrying about killing their crop- and th is is very devastating to our environment! In class we also learned about Hawaii and its Papaya epidemic- where the Papaya Plant was almost on the verge of extinction. In this case, we learned another benefit of GMO’s. The Papaya Plant is a major cash crop for the Island of Hawaii and in 1992, a virus threatened to wipe out the entire production of Papaya in Hawaii, and luckily a local resident genetically modified the plant so that it could defeat the virus which was contributing to the Papaya Plant to become extinct. So, thanks to GMO’s, farmers were able to save this important crop and that is why it continues to be the main US producer of Papaya today. Another claimed benefit is that by using GMO’s there is potential to create medicine using compounds created by these crops- which may help fight off diseases. In contrast, there are several environmental and health-related issues concerning the use of GMO’s. For example, the creation of genetically modified insect and weed resistant crops has increased the population of other pests and created insects and weeds that are also resistant to insecticides the herbicides. Another huge concern for GMO’s is genetic manipulation, which could lead to whats known as super bugs (like Spider-Man), that may have potential dangers to society. Indirect effects also exist- an example of this would be the â€Å"Honey Bee.† Honey Bees love to fly out and seek pollen, nevertheless, how would they know which plants are genetically modified from which plants are not? They don’t know, and that’s the issue! So, it is only safe to say- that majority of the Honey in America is contaminated due to the strong GMO presence in America. In conclusion, it is safe to say- avoiding GMO’s is your best bet! GMO’s have only been introduced in 1994, therefore research is still lacking. In order to see the true effects of GMO’s- it will need a longer life-cycle to actually see the harmful results. If you are unsure, and cannot locate the GMO-FREE Mark- then look for a 3rd party verification for example- a little butterfly with a green check mark. Information is out there. Be informed before you decide, because cheap Produce is not always healthy Produce.

Digital Imaging And Communication System - 989 Words

â€Å"PACS† which stands for (picture archive communication system) is a healthcare technology for the short and long term storage, retrieval, management, distribution and presentation of medical images(rouse). This system has led the medical field to be more efficient with all of their images and organization of those images. Hospitals all around the world are using this technology and it s only going to get greater usage and develop even better over time. PACS in general, is made up of several different components, these include imaging systems, such as MRI, CAT scan, and X-ray equipment, A secure network for patient information distribution, computers for viewing and processing images, and lastly archives for storage and retrieval of images and related documentation(PACS). The first component of PACS is DICOM, Which stands for digital imaging and communication in medicine. According to Margeret Rouse from health IT said â€Å" is a protocol that allows for the sharing of images and other medical information. DICOM permits PACS, radiology information systems and more medical imaging systems to connect with and pass data to systems at other healthcare facilities†. This allows long term retrieval of the data and images for use in the future. The next component that works with PACS is the RIS which is a radiology information system. This works with PACS to provide patient information along with scheduling, and image interpretation reports. In my opinion, these two components areShow MoreRelatedEssay On Medical Storage1403 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Medical Imaging and Storage An Overview Overview Digital technology is the future of every industry, including the medical field. Medical technology has jumped forward in the past fifty years. Everything from digital monitoring of patients to the hyper-advanced laser surgeries, it is incredible to see to progression of medical technology and where it is going. One of the most rapidly developing branches of medical technology is medical imaging. The branch of the medical field isRead More8K High Resolution Camera System1436 Words   |  6 PagesSeminar Report Abstract Digital cinema is a promising application that utilizes high-speed optical networks to transfer super high definition (SHD) images. The networks are primarily used for distributing digital cinema contents in packet data form, and are also used to support new services such as the live streaming of musicals and sport games to movie theaters. While current transfer services offer high-definition (HD) quality video, live-streaming applications will soon shift to providing cinemaRead MoreManagerial Functions Roles1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdemoralized workforce. From here, Fischer planned a strategy to overcome the trouble faced by Kodak. Here, Fisher has identified the problems to be overcome which will be his goals. In addition, Fisher also gave a vision of the company to be a global digital imaging leader. Fisher also spent time to study, understand and analyze every part of Kodak’s business. He looked into the process of photo finishing, competitors product, Kodak’s dysfunctional culture, non-performing business, market expansion, theRead MoreThe Company s Key Goals For 20161343 Words   |  6 Pagesearnings-Consumer Digital Imaging Group (CDG) Digital still and video cameras, picture frames, kiosks, APEX dry lab systems, consumer inkjet printing systems, gallery products services and imaging sensors licensing activities related to digital imaging †¢ Accelerate digital revenue growth-Film Photo Finishing and Entertainment Group (FPEG)Consumer professional film, one time use cameras, graphic arts film, aerial industrial filamentGraphics Communications Group (GCG)Workflow software, digital controllersRead MoreDifferent IT Security Systems916 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity systems to meet different needs, such as advanced imaging technology, Carnivore, and Digital Fingerprinting. 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Cross Culture Analysis free essay sample

TABLE OF CONTENTS (1) Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 (2) Cross- cultural Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 (3) Aims of cross-cultural analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 (4) Hofstede and his 5 dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 (4. 1) Limitations of Hofstede’s model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 (5) Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 (5. 1) Limitations of Trompenaars and Turner model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 (6) European Cultural Diversity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 (7) Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 8) Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 (9) Web References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 (A) Critical review of cross-cultural models (1)Introduction Culture has played an important role in the evolution of humans enabling them to adapt the environment to their own needs instead of depending solely on natural selection to achieve success in all walks of life. Culture typically is made of customs, ideas beliefs, customs, codes, techniques, tools, taboos, symbols, rituals and ceremonies. Every society has created its own culture which is unique to its society. Culture is characterised mainly of three components which are explained as below: Values – Ideas which are considered important in life can be termed as values. Norms – Different people behave differently in various situations. Norms can be understood as the expectations of how people react to these situations. Artefacts   Artefacts are manufactured by men who reflect the culture’s values and norms. (2) Cross- cultural Analysis In 19th century, renowned anthropologists Edward Burnett Tylor and Lewis H Morgan have performed first cross-cultural analysis. Both Anthropology and Social Anthropology have made significant progress from the stages of Victorian England’s lower savagery to civilization. The concept of culture can be understood as a response against to those Western concepts and according to the anthropologists, culture is embedded in human nature. All people irrespective of the location and regions have the ability to categorise experiences, understand them by decoding using symbols and communication effectively. Several fields such as Sociology, Psychology, Communication and Anthropology have contributed to the creation of main theories of cross cultural communication. These theories are primarily based on the value differences among several cultures that are spread all over the world. Some of the important researchers who contributed to this field include Fons Trompenaars, Edward T. Hall, Shalom Schwartz, Geert Hofstede Edward Burnett Tylor and Lewis H Morgan and Clifford Geertz. (3) Aims of cross-cultural analysis The main aim of cross cultural communication is to understand the responses of different people from varied cultural backgrounds in different situations. Some guidelines are produced to decipher these differences and help them to better communicate with one another. According to Alvesson, M. (1993),  Cultural Perspectives on Organisations, 1992, Members of a group who share a particular culture can be understood and interpreted using some functions. The group can be of different sizes. It can be a small group in a village, or as big as a continent. Though the responses of the members of these groups can be understood as a whole depending on their culture, it further depends on the individual’s personality. The expressions of culture-resultant response can also depend on their own experience from life and the upbringing of that particular individual. The aims of cross cultural analysis are to harness the utilitarian function of culture as a means for human adaptation and better communication. Cross-cultural management can be understood as a subset of International management focusing on cultural clashes. The conflicts and miscommunication leads to differences in the cultures and cross cultural management aims to develop tools to understand and handle them. (4) Hofstede and his 5 dimensions Hofstede conducted investigations across the world to understand and analyse work-related attitudes in different regions. These studies have resulted in identifying five dimensions. These dimensions are masculinity-femininity, power distance, individualism-collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and long term vs. short term orientation. Social psychology between and within many cultures are being investigated actively in many respects and has acquired its own momentum over a long period of time. According to (Draguns, Lee McCauley, 1999) comparisons with in the cross cultures can be made with the help of personality variables within that culture. As opposed to this, dimensions can also be derived in multicultural research projects can be used to study the relevance and the proximity to their home culture. In order to elucidate the conceptual nature of the cultural dimensions, Hofstede made various efforts to elaborate the contrast between the individualists as well the collectivist cultures. As this is not the only source of difference, several other Researchers such as Draguns, Lee McCauley, 1999 also carried out studies on individualist cultures where the individuals are not tightly connected. They found that the priority lies ith looking after themselves or any other members of the immediate family. These individuals have different goals and aspirations that might not be in line with the values and norms of the entire group. However when there is a conflict of ideas, in individual societies they put their personal goals first by feeling autonomous. I n this type of social framework, the focus is on achieving personal goal s. Such individuals are loosely attached to each other and if needed they can easily detach themselves from the rest of the group. They can also sever relations quite easily with their norms, partners and religion. However in collectivist societies, the most important factor is the group and there is a sense among the group members for solidarity and shared activities. According to (Goodwin, 1999) these kind of groups dominates in general as the obligations and duties of the individuals are not important when compared to that of the group. On the flip side, the collectivist societies are keener to protect the interests of the members of the group. They are not very concerned and may not necessarily help those members who are outside their group. The boundaries of the group are strong and explicit and they develop group egoism. Though it is costs, the individuals of the members contribute more especially in the personal events such as marriage and other links with the families with in the group. They do not behave like mere individuals. One of the other dimensions of Hofstede’s dimensions, power distance, is also widely discussed in the cross cultural studies. It represents the members of the society that agree to the inequalities in the power distribution among various members of the group. It may be in the organisations or institutions in which the degree of respect given those people who occupy superior positions. According to Deal T. and Kennedy, A. A. (1982),  Corporate Cultures, the acceptance to power inequality depends of the high distance and los distance societies. In High distance societies, they see power as the basis need of the group where as in low distance societies, they believe that power can only be used when it is legitimate. The next dimension of Hofstede’s model is Masculinity vs. Femininity. According to him, factors such as heroism, material success, assertiveness as preference for achievement are considered as masculine. Other factors such as caring for the poor and downtrodden, modesty, relationships, and the quality of life are considered subdued and feminine. The differentiation is based on the sex of that individual as the relationship between the Masculinity and femininity concerns about the relative emphasis and interpersonal harmony. While feminine culture gives preference to quality of life, warm personal relationships and fluid sex roles, the masculine cultures success, a sense of performance and competition and being brave. The fourth dimension, uncertainty avoidance, lays emphasis on the extent in which the members of a particular culture respond to the unknown situations or uncertain events. The cultures where the uncertainty avoidance is low are very curious whereas the cultures where the uncertainty avoidance is high are more dangerous. Uncertainty avoidance generally refers to the planning and the method of dealing with the unknown events in life and those with high uncertainty avoidance generally have a strong desire for mutual consensus. Any behaviour other than this is not acceptable in that group or society. The final dimension is long vs. short term orientation. The focus is mainly on the time horizon of the society. The orientation in this dimension of the study is to determine the importance that is being given to the future when compared to the previous history of that nation or society than the present state. In this dimension issues such as persistence and others are resolved by applying the orientation framework. Hofstede’s diverse studies of various cultures have provided the necessary inputs to understand the similarities or differences of cross cultures. (4. 1) Limitations of Hofstede’s model: Though Hofstede made several studies to identify the cross cultural similarities and differences, there are some limitations in this model. The primary limitation is the limited use of samples. The samples with Hofstede conducted the study is not applicable to the all the nations and therefore the results cannot be generalised to all the nations. The findings are generally based on the culture of the nation at a certain time which may be different from the result of the same nation at a different time. Another limitation to his model is the negative feedback of the participants. Some people are happy to cooperate with the study but some people may get offended by it (Barrick, Ryan Schmitt, 2003). Another limitation is the importance of the study to their organisation or the country they live in. Another limitation is to create changes not all people would like to agree. More often than not, majority of the people cannot accept abrupt change in a short period of time. (5) Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner model: To explain the national cultural differences in an organisation, in 1998, popular management consultants Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner developed a model named ‘Seven Dimensions of Culture’. They tried to explain the differences in a heterogeneous business environment and the challenges faced by the global managers in managing them. Their study is primarily based on the responses of several respondents on a given dilemma. The dilemmas are contrasting in nature and this method is used by them over ten long years to observe the responses of various individuals on these dilemmas which will be used to interpret the basic attitudes and values of the individuals. This method is characterised by developing seven different processes which are formulated into dilemmas. By preferring one side of the dilemma, the individuals from one culture differentiate themselves from the rest of the others. According to Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, these responses provided them a tool to analyse how national cultures differ from one another and how culture can be measured. They also suggested that the differences in cultures play a major role in achieving success globally and observed that reconciling these differences can lead to competitive advantage in the increasingly competitive global business environment. (5. ) Limitations of this model: * Failure in recognising the impact of personal characteristics on one’s behaviour. * Though this model differentiated between several cultures, it failed to suggest any recommendations on how to work with specific cultures. * The dilemmas that are developed by Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner may not satisfy that it will cover all the aspects of cross cultural studies. * Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner suggested th at the organisations must acknowledge the similarities and differences between the cultures that they operate in. However, other authors such as Ohmae (Borderless world) and Levitt (Globalisation of Markets) argue that national borders are diminishing day by day and emphasised on the need to look at the world as one big global market instead of viewing it as different countries that are made up of different cultures. (B) National Management Styles: Analysis and Personal experience. The ideas about the national management style over the past four decades have been dominated primarily by two nations. First by the American management model then followed by the Japanese. National cultural heritage was thought to be the primary reason for a particular management style. Having that as an underlying assumption, claims have been made that the management style is highly influenced by the cultural force of a country. Do the Japanese in general manage their organisations differently from Americans? This lead to evolution of two main standpoints which are called as culture-free and the culture-contingent position (Child/Kieser, 1997 and Osterloh, 1994). According to the culture-free position, the management style reflects the deeper understanding of industrialism producing essentials of technological and economic nature. The management style of firms over the personnel does not depend too much on the nation’s cultural values but more dependent on the technology, size and the industry environment of the organisation. According to Barrett, E. (1992),  The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Corporate Culture Analogy, the competition among the organisations in a business environment need conditions which support the management style. As we all know that those firms which compete on innovation use a more participative and professional management style when compared to the management style of those companies which are traditionally mass producers of plastic toys, screws or hamburgers. This can be observed across various nations all over the world. Likewise, the cultural settings do not seem to have much impact on the management of fast food chains. The contrasting viewpoint is culture-contingent position. Experts argue that societies exhibit distinct and relatively persistent cultures which include shared patterns of manners and ideas. Though different organisations in different organisations compete in varied conditions, they all adopt similar cultural contingencies within that country. This may be one of the reason as to why these organisations though compete against each other manage their firms with similar management structures which are appropriate to the cultural forces of the country. Culture of the country may matter for management, but it certainly is not the primary factor which influences the management style of the organisation. (6) European Cultural Diversity According to (Hofstede, 1993; Munch, 1993), despite sharing a lot of history, it is quite surprising that many of the European countries are still heterogeneous culturally. Though the integration of European countries brought about some economic forces, the culture and traditions of these countries still remain very different to that of each other. The nations that can claim to have developed distinctive cultures are American and Japanese. European countries are far from having a distinctive culture of their own. In order to overcome the present day pressures, they have developed diverse approaches of their own to cope with them. Among the European countries the national differences between the countries are greater than that of the non-European countries when it comes to dealing with the problems of technology development, economic growth and pollution control. (7) British Model of Pragmatic Management: Though Britain had a strong industrial dominance in the nineteenth century, after Second World War it has lost its strength both economically and educationally. Over the past decade or so, the global competitiveness and the economic recovery signs have been strong for Britain. Several factors such as political stability de-regulation of industries, and the English language advantage has attracted foreign direct investments from all across the globe which lead to the creation of entrepreneurial dynamism (ul-Haq, 2000). However according to Porter (1990), one of the important reasons for the continuous decline in the economic performance is the lack of quality in British educational system? Top-quality education has been restricted to a few groups. Important sectors like technology and engineering has been given lower priority. This resulted in the impact on the management in general and society in particular. While there are exceptional employees who are well trained for professional work, majority of them lack in depth education and skills when compared to the other highly industrialised nations. This can explain about the difference between blue-collar and white-collar workers, especially managers, appear to reflect the social structures of the society. The relationship between the workers and the management is generally characterised by mistrust and hostility, as a result of the conflict of interest between the two classes. Source: Martin, J. (1992),  Cultures in Organisations Three Perspectives Let us discuss various management styles and critically examine if that is the style in my own country. i. Autocratic: In this management style, the decision making lies with the managers and they enforce their decision on the employees. They do not have a two way communication with the employees because they don’t trust them. This can be demotivating to employees, but this style is suitable for organisations that have to take quick decisions and manage large number of employees. I am from India and I can say that this management style is not widely used across the country but can be seen in large organisations particularly in IT firms that have large number of employees to manage. ii. Paternalistic: Paternalistic managers listen to the concerns of the employees before taking decision with respect to their social and recreational needs. The information flow is from top to bottom as they give direction to the employees. Interesting aspect is that they also take feedback form the employees which can be very effective. But the decision making on an issue may take longer than usual. This will help improve the morale of the employee. This management style can be observed in India though not widely. An organisation from the Marketing and Service industries and tourism industry in particular adopts this style of management. iii. Democratic: Everyone is involved in the decision process in this management style. Productivity and job satisfaction is improved as the communication flows from top to bottom in this approach. Employees’ motivation will be high as they are recognised and considered to be important to the organisation. On the flip side, it is difficult to get consensus on any issue and therefore slows down the process significantly. Sometimes there is also a risk that the managers may not be able to implement the best decisions. This style is not usually adapted in India as the mind sets of people are quite different and it may take quite long to take a decision. However this management style when implemented effectively with a judicious mixture can result in producing desired results. Source: Adler, N. J. (1991)  International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour. Personally, my style has always been employee empowerment. The people I choose to have thinking people work under me, not automatons. Because of this, my task gets simpler and I can accomplish the targets in due course. I have learnt a great deal and also enriched my knowledge base as well as my skill levels. I am always aware of the fact that my task is to manage my team and they have their own tasks. I must enable them to deliver their best whether it is sales, operations or something else. Due to this, the members of the team can come up and discuss their ideas with me without any fear. To my mind, no organisation can grow if its employees do not grow. 8) Conclusion: As per my experience, persistent growth can be achieved by organisations by implementing proper management styles. They can solve organisational problems; improve employee productivity and loyalty and satisfaction. Satisfied customers and higher returns of the investment is the key for all the organisations at the end of the day. On the flip side, adopting an incorrect manage ment structure will lead to tensions between managers and their subordinates resulting in diminished employee morale and depleting productivity. (9) BIBLIOGRAPHY i. Alvesson, M. 1993),  Cultural Perspectives on Organisations, 1992 ii. Deal T. and Kennedy, A. A. (1982),  Corporate Cultures, iii. Barrett, E. (1992),  The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Corporate Culture Analogy iv. Martin, J. (1992),  Cultures in Orgnanizations Three Perspectives v. Kono, T. (1990), Corporate Culture and Long Range Planning vi. Adler, N. J. (1991)  International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. vii. Riding the Waves of Culture  (Fons Trompenaars Charles Hampden-Turner), 1990. viii. Five Minds for the Future  (Howard Gardner), 1982 ix. Burack, E. H. 1991), Changing the Corporate Culture’’ x. Hampden-Turner, C. (1990),  Corporate Culture (10) Web References i. http://ezinearticles. com/? How-To-Understand-Cross-Cultural-Analysisid=403111 ii. http://www. itapintl. co m/facultyandresources/articlelibrarymain/the-use-and-misuse-of-questionnaires-in-intercultural-training. html iii. http://www. blurtit. com/q410358. html iv. http://www. blurtit. com/q792848. html v. http://ivythesis. typepad. com/2010/07/what-are-the-limitations-on-hofstedes-and-globe-studies. html vi. http://www. wright. edu/~scott. williams/LeaderLetter/culture. htm

Defining Me free essay sample

When I was little, it perplexed me, even frightened me, that I could never see my own face. I thought, What if mirrors and photographs are only illusions? Though I have learned to trust the generally accepted laws of science, there has always been that inkling in the back of my mind that I may never know who I really am. If there were a dictionary that defined every person I know, it would be a book as tall as each person standing on top of the other, with the topmost person holding a kite made up of all the ribbons in the world tied together. I often muse about how much people have in common. We all need food, love, and humor once in a while. Im no exception. But there is something that distinguishes me; I can tell by the way people treat me. My attitude is generally calm. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a rumpus of shouting and stomping because of petty drama and boundless energy overcomes my classmates, I usually relax on the side and go swimming in my thoughts. But I do socialize, making cracks and dancing for the reward of a smile or a laugh. Ive been called weird by almost everyone, but Ive learned that it is a compliment. I lend my ears to friends, offering advice or sympathy in times of trouble, and in return they listen to my rants about lifes confusion. I highly value kindness, as long as it is sincere; it can brighten someones day. The way I interact with others certainly offers part of a definition of who I am. But theres a whole different life in my head. Its like Willy Wonkas chocolate factory, except it will never be fully exposed to the public. Its a side that no one will ever see clearly, because my mouth doesnt adequately communicate the strange thoughts in my head. I voice them to my friends all the time: â€Å"Have you ever imagined the world as a jellyfish?† But I know that theyll never understand what I mean. Theyll only understand what they think I mean, because their mind is in a different galaxy. My thoughts and memories are true vampires – they just arent the same in the light. So who am I? Who knows better – those who can actually see my face and shake hands with me, or me, the one who has inside access to my mind? The truth is, I could probably skip college, never get married, and spend the rest of my life in an empty room with no distractions and still not have enough time to figure it out.

My Antonia By Willa Cather Essays (355 words) - My Ntonia

My Antonia By Willa Cather Which character in this work reminds you of people you know? In the novel My Antonia, Anton Cazak reminds me of my neighbor. Anton Cazak is a considerate good-humored man. He shows this in the story when he is polite enough to substitute English for Bohemian since Jim is his guest. He also presents his gift of a paper snake gently to little Jan to lift the spirits of the child. Anton Cazak is a kind of person who also likes children and finds them amusing. He is also so charitable that he misses living in the city but stays and works very hard on the farm because of Antonia staying with them. My neighbor is also a considerate good-humored man with a good nature because when my lawn mower broke I borrowed his. During the time I was using his lawn mower, he fixed my lawn mower and returned it back to me. He is also very courteous, my neighbor showed this when he cancelled his anniversary party just because my baby sister was sick, and he did not want to disturb her. This shows that my neighbor is just like Anton Cazak because they are both good-hearted, good humored and very considerate people. In the Novel My Antonia, Anton Cazak was kind and considerate many people liked him and respected him. This is just like my neighbors on my block, because of my next door neighbors great personality they all respect him in a way that nobody else does. It shows that if you treat people nicely they also treat you back with generosity. What kind of barriers or obstacles did a character or characters overcome? One of the barriers the characters overcome in the novel My Antonia is the language barrier unable to communicate the newly arrived family the Shimendas needed help surviving in the Nebraska climate second barrier is the severe winter. Were the winter less severe the simendas might have been able to escape there unpleasant life of living in the cave because of not having a house built yet. Third barrier and final barrier has the lack of cooperation among the immigrants themselves. The shimendas faced many barriers after some losses the shimendas finally defeated the foes.

Data Warehouse and Data Essay

Data Warehouse and Data Essay Data Warehouse and Data Essay Data warehousing plays a vital role and important area of information technology infrastructure Data warehousing is a structure that holds data in a prà ©cised manner and data can be retrieved based on the business requirements of a company. There are many different kinds of data ware housing systems that a data is stored in a company and will be vary based on the storage like star flex schema data ware house, snow flake data ware house, metadata ware house and enterprise data warehouse systems. In past data is being maintained in the papers, tapes and disks and now the data is maintained in the granular, systematic order and in highly secure way in appropriate data bases with structured tables, constrains, data diagrams, and keys combined know as data ware house. As of now we would make a difference between the data in legacy format of operation to the on-going operation of Data Warehouse 2.0 Step-By-Step Growth and architectural view of DW 2.0: In DW 2.0 when compared to 1st Generation data ware housing there is an advanced architectural features and technologies. There are remarkable changes made in the DW 2.0 when compared with the previous versions change in implementation of architectural, upgrade to systems and ability to communications with the end users which has got a vital change in the business. Online Process and access of data to a common business man in day to day life in reservation systems, ATM Process and online inventory management is not restricted to time. Corporate Data: Came to reality by adding the corporate information on the many applications by new vistas of processing opened up which was not previously obtained. Business made discussions on the structured data but there is also valuable information in the unstructured data which need to be made decision on it and the key to open up was made with ETL (Extract, transform, Load) which made vital changes in business. Capacity: Interact with different forms of technologies, speed up of processing, with stand of data in which capacity is an infrequently encountered constrains made easier in DW 2.0 Effects of Data ware house on Business: The DW had higher effect on various businesses. In this case the situation raises where the business which are deeply reliable on the DW are follows: The airline environment which uses the frequent flyer technology The Credit card companies which cross verifies the persons profile to see if any fraudulent use of credit card. Company keeps track of oversupply and under supply of goods maintained by an organization Organization stores customer profile regarding transactions in detail manner in data ware house. The Data ware house helps the organization to maintain long and detailed corporate memory. Changes of Data in timely manner supported by DW : There are wider changes in architectural and ability to maintain data in DW 2.0. It has greater ability to support the changes of data which changes in time to timely manner this is due to the semantically static and semantically temporal data in database designs. If data entity changes happens, Semantic data changes occurs. In Meaning full static data will it will not always be fixed and there wouldn't be any changes and the data which is Meaning full secular data will be frequently changing . Taking an considering an example of customer profile with Meaning full secular data where we can edit details of his profile and we can add details in his profile this shows that data is frequently changing. If considering in an organization where details of an employee are maintained in case gets transferred or gets into new position where the roles, responsibilities, emails to whom he needs to report and who all needs to report to him will be changed and leads to add in columns to tables and changes in data. And now considering the example of Meaning full static data is yearly stocks where it will be mentioned the sales, profits,

French Terms Related to Hanukkah and Judaism

French Terms Related to Hanukkah and Judaism Hanukkah is a Jewish festival of survival and freedom that lasts for eight days. Learn some French vocabulary related to this annual Jewish celebration. Le Nom du Festival: The Name of the Festival Because Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday with a Hebrew name, it may be spelled several different ways: English spellings: Hanukkah, Hanukah, Hanukka, Chanukahï » ¿French spellings: Hanoucca, Hannouccah, Hanouccah, Hanoukka Hanukkah is also known as the Festival of Lights (la Fà ªte des Lumià ¨res) and the Feast of Dedication (la Fà ªte des dà ©dicaces). Les Dates de Hanoucca: Hanukkah Dates Hanukkah begins on the 25th of Kislev, the ninth month in the Jewish calendar, and lasts for eight days. It occurs on a different date every year of the Gregorian (solar) calendar - sometime in November or December. La Nourriture de Hanoucca: Hanukkah Food Food is a big part of the Hanukkah celebration. Most of the traditional foods are fried in oil, in remembrance of the oil that lasted for eight days, while others are made with dairy products: cheese  Ã‚  Ã‚  le fromagedoughnut  Ã‚  Ã‚  un beignetto fry  Ã‚  Ã‚  friremilk  Ã‚  Ã‚  le laitoil  Ã‚  Ã‚  huile (feminine)potato pancake (latke)  Ã‚  Ã‚  une galette aux pommes de terresour cream  Ã‚  Ã‚  la crà ¨me aigre Le Vocabulaire de Hanoucca ~ Hanukkah Vocabulary Here are the French translations for some terms related to Hanukkah, as well as Judaism in general: blessing  Ã‚  Ã‚  une bà ©nà ©dictioncandle  Ã‚  Ã‚  une bougieDecember  Ã‚  Ã‚  dà ©cembredoor  Ã‚  Ã‚  une porteDreidel (spinning top)  Ã‚  Ã‚  la toupieeight days  Ã‚  Ã‚  huit joursfamily  Ã‚  Ã‚  la famillegame  Ã‚  Ã‚  un jeugift  Ã‚  Ã‚  un cadeauJewish  Ã‚  Ã‚  juifkosher  Ã‚  Ã‚  casher, kashermenorah  Ã‚  Ã‚  la Mà ©norahmiracle  Ã‚  Ã‚  un miracleNovember  Ã‚  Ã‚  novembrepocket money  Ã‚  Ã‚  argent de pocheprayer  Ã‚  Ã‚  une prià ¨reSabbath  Ã‚  Ã‚  le sabbatsong  Ã‚  Ã‚  une chansonsunset  Ã‚  Ã‚  le coucher de soleiltemple  Ã‚  Ã‚  le templevictory  Ã‚  Ã‚  la victoirewindow  Ã‚  Ã‚  une fenà ªtre

The federal budget deficit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The federal budget deficit - Research Paper Example The US budget picture has evolved through leaps and bounds. The current federal deficit for the government went down by 37% from the previous years pictures. The decline in the fiscal deficit shows improvement in the economy. But is the decline in the deficit figure enough for the economic longevity and prosperity? What factors can help in improving the deficit picture of the country? We will conduct an analysis to comprehend the federal budget deficit situation and find answers to the above questions. The US deficit has not always been in a bad shape with the 19th century showing surplus figures and holding deficits only during wartime. Initially the deficit was very small with numbers peaking in the World War 1 and 2. During the 1960s till the 1990s there can be seen a steady increase in the deficit. The deficit crossed the ten percent GDP barrier owing to the crises that hit the economy in the year 2008. The movement of the federal deficit can be seen from the graph below: (Usgove rnmentspending.com, 2013) Now looking at the deficit scenario one needs to understand the current market implications and the forecasted figures of the federal budget deficit. ‘The federal government took in $680 billion less revenue than it spent, or about 4.1 percent of gross domestic product. In 2012, those numbers were $1.087 trillion and 6.8 percent of GDP. That means the deficit fell a whopping 37 percent in one year.’ (Irwin, 2013) The reason behind the figures for the year 2013 is the increase in the government receipts due to the high payroll taxes that are a result of the increased income. The effect of this is the decrease in expenses is terms of unemployment insurance benefits that decreased with the improving economy. The US economy has cut its fiscal tail in order to achieve the results. But one can argue that the decline in the federal deficit is very rapid. The austerity measures taken by the government has taken a deficit that was 4.5% in the first quar ter of the this fiscal year to a 3% when the figures were published at the year-end. According to many economists the drastic measures by the government cannot improve the economy in the long run. The economy needs to grow at a steady pace keeping all its factors of production in line, leading to a better and positive growth of the country. ‘Goldman's projections indicate that simply allowing the economy to grow will result in significant deficit reduction without painful spending cuts.’ (Carter, 2013) Comparing the US economy with Greece and the like shows that the position of the economy is not alarming but a fixture is required in the near future. The President has laid a budget that does not tackle the federal budget deficit in its entirety; he has set a commission in order to obtain ideas as to bridging the gap between the public revenue and expenditure in a more meaningful manner. The effects of these changes have to be long term. The economy needs more than just an yearly decrease in the federal budget deficits. The decrease in the figure is good but not enough for long-term survival of the economy. The recent shutdown of the government offices show that deep down the picture is not that simple and although the economy has recovered from the downfall and crunch much needs to be done before it is stable in terms of growth and activity. The changes in the US economy are evident with improved standard of living and better job opportunities in the country. But along with the positives

EARLY CHILDHOOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EARLY CHILDHOOD - Essay Example He walked around the table and chair sets which were there for the kids to use. Joey held my hand and showed me the maps, colorful carpets, tiny sofas, bright pictures, funny toys like baby dolls, and a baby calendar hanging on the kitchen wall. I saw him setting tables and chairs, serving his friends lunch using toy food, and playing chef, which showed that he was a social child. Yet I observed that he most often played quietly by himself. Perhaps the reason for this was that his peers found it hard to understand him because he was slow in speech and could not deliver proper sentences. I asked him his name but he kept on offering me toy food. His sense of creativity was astonishing. When he finished serving the food, he picked up the toy broom and started cleaning the kitchen floor to clear up the mess. An interesting thing I noted about him was that he got bored easily and kept switching from one activity to another. I concluded that he was not consistent, tried to be social but ea sily got frustrated when he would discover that others found it hard to understand what he was saying, yet he liked to explore things and occupied himself with activities that interested him. Jean Paige’s early childhood is the second of the four stages of cognitive development. The children between two and six use preoperational intelligence, language and imagination, but fail to use logical operations.

Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany. Further to this, his parents initially believed him to be somewhat backward as he was late in starting to talk. Einstein was noted for saying that he waited until he could speak in complete sentences before he would say a word. He entered school at the age of six and to his parents surprise, he did very well. Albert did not mix well with other students, often preferring to play his own private games or reading books; he never liked school. At the age of 12 he was given a book on geometry, from that point on he taught himself anything he wanted to learn. "In 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zurich for a theoretical dissertation on the Dimensions of Molecules, and he also published three theoretical papers important to the development of 20th century physics." (http://www.physics.gla.ac.uk/introPhy/Famous/ei†¦n/einstein.html) The first of these, on Brownian Motion, made significant predictions about the motion of particles that are randomly distributed in a fluid. This theory was later proven by experiment. The second paper, on the Photoelectric Effect, presented a hypothesis on the Nature of light. He not only proposed that under certain circumstances light can be considered as consisting of particles, but also stated that the energy carried by a photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. No one accepted this theory, even Robert Millikan was overwhelmed when Einstein prove this theory to be correct. "In 1915 Einstein published his third paper on the General theory of Relativity, his theory of Gravity."(http://www.humboldt.com/~gralsto/einstein/einstein.html) In this theory Einstein made his statement on equivalence, in which it’s impossible to distinguish between whether the force acting on a body is caused by the body accelerating or whether it’s gravity. For example, if you were weightless inside a lift in outer space and you then feel a force pulling your feet to the floor you can’t distinguish whether the lift is accelerating upwards, or whether there is a large volume of matter below causing the attraction. "The General Theory of Relativity describes gravity as being the result of a four-dimensional continuum (space-time) and that matter produces curves in this space-time with the measure of the curvature being a measure of the strength of gravity. In this perspective, bodies of matter follow the path of ‘shortest distance or least resistance’ and hence in the case of curved space-time around a star a planetary body would follow a ‘circular/elliptical’ orbit. Einstein’s theory was able to explain anomalies in the Mercury’s orbit which had eluded explanation from Newton’s Laws.

Project Appraisal

Subject Code: PPA1C Paper: PROJECT APPRAISAL Specific Instructions: ?Answer all the four questions. ?Marks allotted 100. Each Question carries equal marks. ?Word limit is 200 – 300words General Instructions: ?The Student should submit this assignment in the handwritten form (not in the typed format) ? The Student should submit this assignment within the time specified by the exam dept ? Each Question mentioned in this assignment should be answered within the word limit specified ? The student should only use the Rule sheet papers for answering the questions. The student should attach this assignment paper with the answered papers. ?Failure to comply with the above Five instructions would lead to rejection of assignment. _____________________________________________________ Question No 1 A choice is to be made between two competing projects which requires an equal investment of Rs 50,000 and are expected to generate net cash flow as under: Project 1Project 2 End of year 1Rs. 50 ,000Rs. 20,000 End of year 2Rs. 30,000Rs. 24,000 End of year 3Rs. 20,000Rs. 36,000 End of year 4NilRs. 50,000 End of year 5Rs. 24,000Rs. 16,000 End of year 6Rs. 12,000Rs. 8,000 The cost of capital of the company is 10% . The following are the Present Value Factors @ 10% per annum: YearP. V . Factors @10% p. a 10. 909 20. 826 30. 751 40. 683 50. 621 60. 564 Which project proposal should be chosen and why? Evaluate the project proposals as under: †¢Discounted Cash Flow. †¢Pay back period methods, pointing out their relative merits and demerits. †¢Under what circumstances is the pay back period method and the NPV Method used for evaluating projects. Question No 2 (A)What is the rationale for NPV Method? Discuss the feature of NPV Method? (B) Teja international is determining the cash flow for a project involving replacement of an old machine by a new machine. The old machine bought a few years ago has a book value of Rs 800,000 and it can be sold to realize a post tax salvage value of rs 900000. It has a remaining life of 5 years after which its net salvage value is expected to be Rs 200,000. it is being depreciated annually at a rate of 25% under the WDV method . The incremental working capital associated with this machine is 500,000. The new machine cost rupees 300,000 . It is expected to fetch a net salvage value of Rs 1. 500,000 after five years . The depreciation rate applicable to it is 25% under the WDV method . The new machine is expected to bring a saving of Rs 650,000 annually in manufacturing costs(other than depreciation ). The tax rate applicable to the firm is 30% : a)Estimate the cash flow associated with the replacement project. b)What is the NPV of the replacement project if the cost of capital is 14%. Question No 3 a)The management of Parmila Ltd. is considering an investment project costing Rs. ,50,000 and it will have a scrap value of Rs. 10,000 at the end of its 5 years life. Transportation charges and installation charges are expected to be Rs. 5,000 and Rs. 25,000 respectively. If the project is accepted, a spare part inventory of Rs. 10,000 must also be maintained. It is estimated that the spare parts will have an estimated scrap value of 60% of their initial cost after 5 years. Annual revenue from the project is expected to be Rs. 1,70,000; and annual labour, material and maintenance expenses are estimated to be Rs. 15,000, Rs. 0,000 and Rs. 5,000 respectively. The depreciation and taxes for five years will be — YearDepreciationTax (Rs. )(Rs. ) 1 2 3 4 572,000 43,200 32,400 21,600 80011,200 22,720 27,040 31,360 39,680 Calculate the net cash flows for each year and cost of the project. Evaluate the project at 12% rate of interest. b)How gestation period of an on-going project affects Project financing decisions? Question No 4(A) The data concerning a site development project at the end of the 10th week of Implementation is given below: ActivityProgress (%) t the end of 10th weekBudgeted Cost at Completion (BAC)Actual Cost of work performed (ACWP) PlannedActual(Rs. Lakhs)(Rs. Lakhs) A B C D E F G H I J K L100 50 100 100 50 100 70 — — 100 200 2090 40 80 100 20 80 60 — 10 90 90 —5 35 5 10 20 10 15 5 10 15 10 207 15 5 10 5 10 9 — 1 13 9 — Total16084 The Project is scheduled to be completed at the end of the 20th week. Calculate the costs forecast at completion, assuming that the remaining work shall progress . Question No 4 (B): a)S Limited has Rs. 10, 00,000 allocated for capital budgeting purposes. The following proposals and associated Profitability Index have been determined. ProjectAmount (Rs. )Profitability Index 1 2 3 4 5 6300,000 150,000 350,000 450,000 200,000 400,0001. 22 0. 95 1. 20 1. 18 1. 20 1. 05 Which of the above investment should be undertaken? Assume that the Projects are indivisible and there is no alternative use of the money allotted for capital budgeting. b)Project Cost Estimation is a vital factor for starting the business. As a Financial Analyst, you are required to prepare the steps for cost estimation

Argumentative Essay Bullying And Bullying - 756 Words

Rita Bullock July 3, 2015 Essay on Bullying In 2-3 pages, according to the Dignity for All Act, what is the legal responsibility of the teacher and the school when a student claims that he or she is being harassed, intimidated, or discriminated by another student(s)? What happens to a student who bullies, and what happens to the victim? School bullying can occur during every stage of development from Kindergarten through High school. Students suffer harmful effects when they are emotionally and physically abused. Schools must take active measures to end this ongoing injustice of students and help school yard bullies in understanding the effects of their actions. The victims of bullying suffer from emotional distress, and they often have difficulties making friends. School bullies may demonstrate their ‘power’ in several ways. School bullies may mock peers, spread vicious rumors, play cruel pranks, or use physical force to instill fear in their target. Furthermore, cyber-bullying is a growing trend in this technologically advanced society. Children often have unsupervised access to sites such as Facebook and twitter. These sites make it effortless for school bullies to harass his or her peers. Solutions to help end school bullying must be thought out carefully by all school authority figures. One approach many schools have attempted involves strict enforcements specific to school bullying. School authority figures are responsible for enforcing the rules in thisShow MoreRelatedBullying Argumentative essay970 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Writing Argumentative Essay 25 November 2013 Bullying Have you ever seen or experienced bullying and the dramatic effects it has on its victims? Unfortunately nine out of every ten students have experienced bullying in school or online. Many people believe that bullying is a part of growing up and kids do not know any better. 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