Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany. Further to this, his parents initially believed him to be somewhat backward as he was late in starting to talk. Einstein was noted for saying that he waited until he could speak in complete sentences before he would say a word. He entered school at the age of six and to his parents surprise, he did very well. Albert did not mix well with other students, often preferring to play his own private games or reading books; he never liked school. At the age of 12 he was given a book on geometry, from that point on he taught himself anything he wanted to learn. "In 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zurich for a theoretical dissertation on the Dimensions of Molecules, and he also published three theoretical papers important to the development of 20th century physics." (http://www.physics.gla.ac.uk/introPhy/Famous/ei†¦n/einstein.html) The first of these, on Brownian Motion, made significant predictions about the motion of particles that are randomly distributed in a fluid. This theory was later proven by experiment. The second paper, on the Photoelectric Effect, presented a hypothesis on the Nature of light. He not only proposed that under certain circumstances light can be considered as consisting of particles, but also stated that the energy carried by a photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. No one accepted this theory, even Robert Millikan was overwhelmed when Einstein prove this theory to be correct. "In 1915 Einstein published his third paper on the General theory of Relativity, his theory of Gravity."(http://www.humboldt.com/~gralsto/einstein/einstein.html) In this theory Einstein made his statement on equivalence, in which it’s impossible to distinguish between whether the force acting on a body is caused by the body accelerating or whether it’s gravity. For example, if you were weightless inside a lift in outer space and you then feel a force pulling your feet to the floor you can’t distinguish whether the lift is accelerating upwards, or whether there is a large volume of matter below causing the attraction. "The General Theory of Relativity describes gravity as being the result of a four-dimensional continuum (space-time) and that matter produces curves in this space-time with the measure of the curvature being a measure of the strength of gravity. In this perspective, bodies of matter follow the path of ‘shortest distance or least resistance’ and hence in the case of curved space-time around a star a planetary body would follow a ‘circular/elliptical’ orbit. Einstein’s theory was able to explain anomalies in the Mercury’s orbit which had eluded explanation from Newton’s Laws.

Project Appraisal

Subject Code: PPA1C Paper: PROJECT APPRAISAL Specific Instructions: ?Answer all the four questions. ?Marks allotted 100. Each Question carries equal marks. ?Word limit is 200 – 300words General Instructions: ?The Student should submit this assignment in the handwritten form (not in the typed format) ? The Student should submit this assignment within the time specified by the exam dept ? Each Question mentioned in this assignment should be answered within the word limit specified ? The student should only use the Rule sheet papers for answering the questions. The student should attach this assignment paper with the answered papers. ?Failure to comply with the above Five instructions would lead to rejection of assignment. _____________________________________________________ Question No 1 A choice is to be made between two competing projects which requires an equal investment of Rs 50,000 and are expected to generate net cash flow as under: Project 1Project 2 End of year 1Rs. 50 ,000Rs. 20,000 End of year 2Rs. 30,000Rs. 24,000 End of year 3Rs. 20,000Rs. 36,000 End of year 4NilRs. 50,000 End of year 5Rs. 24,000Rs. 16,000 End of year 6Rs. 12,000Rs. 8,000 The cost of capital of the company is 10% . The following are the Present Value Factors @ 10% per annum: YearP. V . Factors @10% p. a 10. 909 20. 826 30. 751 40. 683 50. 621 60. 564 Which project proposal should be chosen and why? Evaluate the project proposals as under: †¢Discounted Cash Flow. †¢Pay back period methods, pointing out their relative merits and demerits. †¢Under what circumstances is the pay back period method and the NPV Method used for evaluating projects. Question No 2 (A)What is the rationale for NPV Method? Discuss the feature of NPV Method? (B) Teja international is determining the cash flow for a project involving replacement of an old machine by a new machine. The old machine bought a few years ago has a book value of Rs 800,000 and it can be sold to realize a post tax salvage value of rs 900000. It has a remaining life of 5 years after which its net salvage value is expected to be Rs 200,000. it is being depreciated annually at a rate of 25% under the WDV method . The incremental working capital associated with this machine is 500,000. The new machine cost rupees 300,000 . It is expected to fetch a net salvage value of Rs 1. 500,000 after five years . The depreciation rate applicable to it is 25% under the WDV method . The new machine is expected to bring a saving of Rs 650,000 annually in manufacturing costs(other than depreciation ). The tax rate applicable to the firm is 30% : a)Estimate the cash flow associated with the replacement project. b)What is the NPV of the replacement project if the cost of capital is 14%. Question No 3 a)The management of Parmila Ltd. is considering an investment project costing Rs. ,50,000 and it will have a scrap value of Rs. 10,000 at the end of its 5 years life. Transportation charges and installation charges are expected to be Rs. 5,000 and Rs. 25,000 respectively. If the project is accepted, a spare part inventory of Rs. 10,000 must also be maintained. It is estimated that the spare parts will have an estimated scrap value of 60% of their initial cost after 5 years. Annual revenue from the project is expected to be Rs. 1,70,000; and annual labour, material and maintenance expenses are estimated to be Rs. 15,000, Rs. 0,000 and Rs. 5,000 respectively. The depreciation and taxes for five years will be — YearDepreciationTax (Rs. )(Rs. ) 1 2 3 4 572,000 43,200 32,400 21,600 80011,200 22,720 27,040 31,360 39,680 Calculate the net cash flows for each year and cost of the project. Evaluate the project at 12% rate of interest. b)How gestation period of an on-going project affects Project financing decisions? Question No 4(A) The data concerning a site development project at the end of the 10th week of Implementation is given below: ActivityProgress (%) t the end of 10th weekBudgeted Cost at Completion (BAC)Actual Cost of work performed (ACWP) PlannedActual(Rs. Lakhs)(Rs. Lakhs) A B C D E F G H I J K L100 50 100 100 50 100 70 — — 100 200 2090 40 80 100 20 80 60 — 10 90 90 —5 35 5 10 20 10 15 5 10 15 10 207 15 5 10 5 10 9 — 1 13 9 — Total16084 The Project is scheduled to be completed at the end of the 20th week. Calculate the costs forecast at completion, assuming that the remaining work shall progress . Question No 4 (B): a)S Limited has Rs. 10, 00,000 allocated for capital budgeting purposes. The following proposals and associated Profitability Index have been determined. ProjectAmount (Rs. )Profitability Index 1 2 3 4 5 6300,000 150,000 350,000 450,000 200,000 400,0001. 22 0. 95 1. 20 1. 18 1. 20 1. 05 Which of the above investment should be undertaken? Assume that the Projects are indivisible and there is no alternative use of the money allotted for capital budgeting. b)Project Cost Estimation is a vital factor for starting the business. As a Financial Analyst, you are required to prepare the steps for cost estimation

Argumentative Essay Bullying And Bullying - 756 Words

Rita Bullock July 3, 2015 Essay on Bullying In 2-3 pages, according to the Dignity for All Act, what is the legal responsibility of the teacher and the school when a student claims that he or she is being harassed, intimidated, or discriminated by another student(s)? What happens to a student who bullies, and what happens to the victim? School bullying can occur during every stage of development from Kindergarten through High school. Students suffer harmful effects when they are emotionally and physically abused. Schools must take active measures to end this ongoing injustice of students and help school yard bullies in understanding the effects of their actions. The victims of bullying suffer from emotional distress, and they often have difficulties making friends. School bullies may demonstrate their ‘power’ in several ways. School bullies may mock peers, spread vicious rumors, play cruel pranks, or use physical force to instill fear in their target. Furthermore, cyber-bullying is a growing trend in this technologically advanced society. Children often have unsupervised access to sites such as Facebook and twitter. These sites make it effortless for school bullies to harass his or her peers. Solutions to help end school bullying must be thought out carefully by all school authority figures. One approach many schools have attempted involves strict enforcements specific to school bullying. School authority figures are responsible for enforcing the rules in thisShow MoreRelatedBullying Argumentative essay970 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Writing Argumentative Essay 25 November 2013 Bullying Have you ever seen or experienced bullying and the dramatic effects it has on its victims? Unfortunately nine out of every ten students have experienced bullying in school or online. Many people believe that bullying is a part of growing up and kids do not know any better. 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There are several ways the reality of bullying is taking place, which disrupts not only kids but also adults; whether it is physical, mental, or cyber bullying it is all contributing to promoting a barrier that may be perceived as negativity. However, from a bully’sRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cyber Bullying989 Words   |  4 Pagespricey. During that time, it was uncommon to find laptops and computers in many households. Fast forward to 2017, and the majority of the population has either a cellphone, laptop, tablet, and/or computer. Before becoming dependent on technology, bullying was a huge issue for many kids. The â€Å"schoolyard bully †¦ usually used physical domination to intimidate other children. It no longer requires physical intimidation to be a bully. 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